Program Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Program Theory - Essay Example Funnell and Rogers (2011, 58) stated that an effective social policy/ program needs to be able to overcome constraints arising from institutions, human resource, finance, and even politics that might be involved. In developing a social policy/ program, Funnell and Rogers (2011, 75-77) further noted that a theory is usually developed around the policy/ program, and it presents a feasible and plausible plan for improving the underlying social problem; this theory is usually known as the program theory. This present paper will focus on a social problem and the social program theory that has been proposed as a likely remedy to the social problem. More in particular, the paper will discuss the social problem that needs to be fixed, the solution that has been proposed to fix the problem, the likely outcomes after fixing the social problem, and how one can tell whether this social program has been fixed or not. The social problem The social problem that this present study proposes to fix is unemployment among graduate students. The root of this problem can be traced back to the economic recession that hit the United States in the period of 2008 to 2010, resulting into many job losses (Rushe, 2013). Moreover, in the run up to the last Presidential elections in the United States, the candidates were put to task on the social policies/ programs that they will implement to solve this problem, which has far-reaching detrimental consequences if it remains unresolved. Rushe (2013) stated that so far the Obama administration has been able to reduced the unemployment rate in the country because in the month of August, the rate of unemployment had decreased to 7.30%, which was an improvement compared to the previous rate that stood at 7.40% (Rushe, 2013). However, it is of essence to note that this rate is still quite high considering that the average rate of unemployment in the U.S was only 5.82% in the period of 1948 to 2013, and 1953 marked a record low of 2.5% while 1982 ma rked a record high of 10.82% (Rushe, 2013). Therefore, there is still a dire need of creating more jobs in order to absorb the unemployed, and even resolve some of the vices that are associated with unemployment within the society. According to Rushe (2013), this social problem is relevant in justifying the development of a new policy because creating more jobs will improve the living standards for American citizens, it will reduce the social crimes attributed to unemployment, and it will contribute to economic growth for the country. The program theory In relation to the social problem that has been identified above, this present study, proposed a program theory that reads as follows; â€Å"employed an engineering student is USA.† This theory acknowledges the social need that graduates need to find gainful employment in order up lift their living standard and make worthwhile contribution to the economic development of the country. The input that is under this program theory is for America to nurture more engineering students. Therefore, the output of this program is that the more engineers the U.S has the less the country will experience issues of unemployment. The impact of the program theory is increased rate of employment and the long-term goal is improved living standards for Americans and even improved economic development. The program theory is based on the premise that the engineering profession and in particular science and engineering has led to the creation of new

Critical Commentary on National Trust Annual Report 2011-2012 Essay

Critical Commentary on National Trust Annual Report 2011-2012 - Essay Example By looking at the Trust Report it is brought out in by the diversity of the priority programs that National Trust has. They have been developed to meet the strategy set by the Trust to achieve its goals mentioned before. The priority programmes include bringing places to life. This strategy can be equated with the social aspect of the model as argued by Brent (2010, pg 218) that,† A flat notion of social implies that all ‘being’ is interactive. And that all actors are simultaneously produced by other actor.† This means that all perspective of bringing places to life is codependent on the all the other factors in which all of the priorities are in a chain that each depends on the other to work failure in which all the other structures will suffer. With the improving conservation and environmental performance being one of the main model of heritage the Trust ensures that all the goals concerning the environment is covered in each of the strategies they have so that the environmental conservation is not only left to function on its own but rather it is made in a state that it works in all the strategies spread out case in point is the properties section where they have to adhere to a set of policies governing the environmental and this can be implemented by the improving conservation and environmental performance section. This is mainly governed by the overall energy reduction and also by conservation performance indicator which checks the activities done that enhances conservation of the environment. By staff satisfaction in their works, operational management satisfaction and volunteer recommendation will propel investing in people as an objective. The fourth objective which is financing the future the sustainability in the long term and not being wasteful is guaranteed and this can be achieved through an increased net gain, members’ numbers getting high, efficiency which will cut down the costs and also investing in properties th at beat the baseline target. The political aspect is related to the financial aspect of the Trust priorities as it relates with the politics of running the Trust with the finance made from all the respective sections and in return it is what will be used for expenditure of the Trust even as it makes the return as the income made. The data captured by the National Trust performance index indicates the overall target by the Trust and the expectation from each of the objectives set and this will explain how each department is related to one another and whenever each section underperforms, the other section will have to play catch up or try to recover the revenue lost from one section. A good example is the Visitors enjoyment score, net promoter score and relevance to the local community. All the said sections performed poorly mainly because the visitors did not play their part in recommending the Trust to their peers as this was shown by the high number of membership and good income bu t low scores when it comes to the visitors and members’ part. Also the other areas indicate the level of which the members partake in relation to tourism as not many of them have fully participated in visiting the areas managed by the Trust. Some of the unique milestone programmes for the company

Protein isolation Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Protein isolation - Lab Report Example The aim of the experiment is to isolate, purify and identify Rubsico in spinach leaves using Ammonium sulphate, spectrophotometry, and electrophoresis and ion exchange techniques. Spinach leaves were described, homogenized and rubisco isolated using two grades of ammonium sulphate concentrations (37 % and 50%). Filtrates and supernatants were tested using appropriate techniques to ascertain successful isolation. (Robinson, Streusand, Chatfield and Portis, 1988) The isolate was then purified using DEAE Cellulose fast flow ion exchange chromatography and bound proteins eluted using different shades of salt concentration. Purified proteins were run on a SDS-gel electrophoresis to identify the isolate (Robinson, Streusand, Chatfield and Portis , 1988). Ammonium sulphate (salt) precipitates proteins by altering hydrogen bond interaction between protein and water molecules. Ammonium sulphate a high affinity for water molecules displaces protein molecules (lowers the solubility) thereby causing precipitation. Different protein molecules precipitate at different concentrations of ammonium sulphate and at the rate at which it is added. The effect of salt concentration on the isolation of rubisco is shown on figure 1. The absence of the rubisco band on sample p2 (protein isolated at 50 % salt concentration) shows a significant amount of the protein was isolated at 37% concentrations of ammonium sulphate. A protein molecular weight ladder shown in figure 2 was used to establish a calibration curve that used to identify the protein isolate. Figure 1 The effect of salt concentration on the isolation of proteins; the top arrows represent the samples ( from left to right: MW ladder, leaf extract filtrate, Supernatant of first precipitate (S37%), Pellet of first precipitate (S37%) at low salt, Pellet of first precipitate (S37%) at medium salt, Pellet of

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Summary - Essay Example Below is the explanation of how the above factor could help curb the security problem. Crime Prevention through environmental design involves a combination of psychological and physical aspects of a security situation and then considering the two simultaneously. Security in areas say public zones, private or semi-private zones are best achieved by use of physical barriers like small fences or well-planned flower beds around them. These barriers along with some other symbolic barriers could also be used around sensitive data rooms to deter the entry of people into these rooms. The architectural designs have shown great efficiency in discouraging acts of crime in facilities. (Mlakar, 1999) Surveillance. Surveillance in any building or facility is very crucial as it help to monitoring people within it. The people may include the employees, visitors who, in this case, are strangers or even the security persons on the ground. Surveillance can assist to closely monitor individuals with a lot of secrecy and thus it’s recommended to install these devices at places where people cannot recognize them easily. This way, acts of crime will be identified easily as the individuals will be caught unawares. Monitoring becomes even most critical with increased number of employees. Monitoring cannot be accomplished in the darkness. Lighting, therefore, becomes another factor that goes hand in hand with surveillance. The brightness, intensity, and the number of lighting devices in and within a facility becomes of critical importance. Well-spaced, and glowing office lighting show good on cameras. Therefore, lighting offers the basis of any security situation in any given place. Outdoor barriers in a facility help to delay, obstruct, and or prevents cases of thefts and other negative security situation. The barriers include fences, perimeter barriers, and gates among other obstacles that prevent access to persons to some given areas. The